TY - JOUR

T1 - RELICS

T2 - A Very Large (theta(E) similar to 40 '') Cluster Lens-RXC J0032.1+1808

AU - Acebron, Ana

AU - Zitrin, Adi

AU - Coe, Dan

AU - Mahler, Guillaume

AU - Sharon, Keren

AU - Oguri, Masamune

AU - Bradac, Marusa

AU - Bradley, Larry D.

AU - Frye, Brenda

AU - Forman, Christine J.

AU - Strait, Victoria

AU - Su, Yuanyuan

AU - Umetsu, Keiichi

AU - Andrade-Santos, Felipe

AU - Avila, Roberto J.

AU - Carrasco, Daniela

AU - Cerny, Catherine

AU - Czakon, Nicole G.

AU - Dawson, William A.

AU - Fox, Carter

AU - Hoag, Austin T.

AU - Huang, Kuang-Han

AU - Johnson, Traci L.

AU - Kikuchihara, Shotaro

AU - Lam, Daniel

AU - Lovisari, Lorenzo

AU - Mainali, Ramesh

AU - Nonino, Mario

AU - Oesch, Pascal A.

AU - Ogaz, Sara

AU - Ouchi, Masami

AU - Past, Matthew

AU - Paterno-Mahler, Rachel

AU - Peterson, Avery

AU - Ryan, Russell E.

AU - Salmon, Brett

AU - Stark, Daniel P.

AU - Toft, Sune

AU - Trenti, Michele

AU - Vulcani, Benedetta

AU - Welch, Brian

PY - 2020/7/1

Y1 - 2020/7/1

N2 - Extensive surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope over the past decade, targeting some of the most massive clusters in the sky, have uncovered dozens of galaxy cluster strong lenses. The massive cluster strong-lens scale is typically(E) similar to 10 '' to similar to 30 ''-35 '', with only a handful of clusters known with Einstein radii(E) similar to 40 '' or above (forz(source) = 2, nominally). Here we report another very large cluster lens, RXC J0032.1+1808 (z = 0.3956), the second-richest cluster in the redMapper cluster catalog and the 85th most massive cluster in the Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich catalog. With our light-traces-mass and fully parametric approaches, we construct strong-lensing models based on 18 multiple images of five background galaxies newly identified in the Hubble data, mainly from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), in addition to a known sextuply imaged system in this cluster. Furthermore, we compare these models to Lenstool and GLAFIC models that were produced independently as part of the RELICS program. All models reveal a large effective Einstein radius of(E) 40 '' (z(source) = 2), owing to the obvious concentration of substructures near the cluster center. Although RXC J0032.1+1808 has a very large critical area and high lensing strength, only three magnified high-redshift candidates are found within the field targeted by RELICS. Nevertheless, we expect many more high-redshift candidates will be seen in wider and deeper observations with Hubble or the James Webb Space Telescope. Finally, the comparison between several algorithms demonstrates that the total error budget is largely dominated by systematic uncertainties.

AB - Extensive surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope over the past decade, targeting some of the most massive clusters in the sky, have uncovered dozens of galaxy cluster strong lenses. The massive cluster strong-lens scale is typically(E) similar to 10 '' to similar to 30 ''-35 '', with only a handful of clusters known with Einstein radii(E) similar to 40 '' or above (forz(source) = 2, nominally). Here we report another very large cluster lens, RXC J0032.1+1808 (z = 0.3956), the second-richest cluster in the redMapper cluster catalog and the 85th most massive cluster in the Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich catalog. With our light-traces-mass and fully parametric approaches, we construct strong-lensing models based on 18 multiple images of five background galaxies newly identified in the Hubble data, mainly from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), in addition to a known sextuply imaged system in this cluster. Furthermore, we compare these models to Lenstool and GLAFIC models that were produced independently as part of the RELICS program. All models reveal a large effective Einstein radius of(E) 40 '' (z(source) = 2), owing to the obvious concentration of substructures near the cluster center. Although RXC J0032.1+1808 has a very large critical area and high lensing strength, only three magnified high-redshift candidates are found within the field targeted by RELICS. Nevertheless, we expect many more high-redshift candidates will be seen in wider and deeper observations with Hubble or the James Webb Space Telescope. Finally, the comparison between several algorithms demonstrates that the total error budget is largely dominated by systematic uncertainties.

KW - Strong gravitational lensing

KW - Galaxy clusters

KW - MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS

KW - EINSTEIN RADIUS

KW - COSMIC VARIANCE

KW - FIELDS

KW - MACS

KW - DISTRIBUTIONS

KW - FLUCTUATIONS

KW - ARCS

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab929d

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab929d

M3 - Journal article

VL - 898

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

SN - 0004-637X

IS - 1

M1 - 6

ER -