Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei. / Dayal, Pratika; Volonteri, Marta; Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy; Schneider, Raffaella; Trebitsch, Maxime; Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; Atek, Hakim; Hirschmann, Michaela; Reines, Amy.

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 495, No. 3, 01.07.2020, p. 3065-3078.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Dayal, P, Volonteri, M, Choudhury, TR, Schneider, R, Trebitsch, M, Gnedin, NY, Atek, H, Hirschmann, M & Reines, A 2020, 'Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 495, no. 3, pp. 3065-3078. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1138

APA

Dayal, P., Volonteri, M., Choudhury, T. R., Schneider, R., Trebitsch, M., Gnedin, N. Y., Atek, H., Hirschmann, M., & Reines, A. (2020). Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 495(3), 3065-3078. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1138

Vancouver

Dayal P, Volonteri M, Choudhury TR, Schneider R, Trebitsch M, Gnedin NY et al. Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2020 Jul 1;495(3):3065-3078. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1138

Author

Dayal, Pratika ; Volonteri, Marta ; Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy ; Schneider, Raffaella ; Trebitsch, Maxime ; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. ; Atek, Hakim ; Hirschmann, Michaela ; Reines, Amy. / Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2020 ; Vol. 495, No. 3. pp. 3065-3078.

Bibtex

@article{239e31e67d5b4ce7ad581f7ba8e5a3c4,
title = "Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei",
abstract = "In this work we investigate the properties of the sources that reionized the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the high-redshift Universe. Using a semi-analytical model aimed at reproducing galaxies and black holes in the first similar to 1.5 Gyr of the Universe, we revisit the relative role of star formation and black hole accretion in producing ionizing photons that can escape into the IGM. Both star formation and black hole accretion are regulated by supernova feedback, resulting in black hole accretion being stunted in low-mass haloes. We explore a wide range of combinations for the escape fraction of ionizing photons (redshift-dependent, constant, and scaling with stellar mass) from both star formation (()) and AGN (f(esc)(bh)) to find: (i) the ionizing budget is dominated by stellar radiation from low stellar mass (M* <10(9) M-circle dot) galaxies at z > 6 with the AGN contribution (driven by M-bh > 10(6) M-circle dot black holes in M* > 10(9) M-circle dot galaxies) dominating at lower redshifts; (ii) AGN only contribute 10 - 25 per cent to the cumulative ionizing emissivity by z = 4 for the models that match the observed reionization constraints; (iii) if the stellar mass dependence of is shallower than f(esc)(bh), at z <7 a transition stellar mass exists above which AGN dominate the escaping ionizing photon production rate; (iv) the transition stellar mass decreases with decreasing redshift. While AGN dominate the escaping emissivity above the knee of the stellar mass function at z similar to 6.8, they take-over at stellar masses that are a tenth of the knee mass by z = 4.",
keywords = "galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high-redshift, intergalactic medium, quasars: general, reionization, DARK-AGES REIONIZATION, IONIZING PHOTON BUDGET, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, BLACK-HOLES, FORMATION SIMULATION, RADIATIVE-TRANSFER, STAR-FORMATION, EVOLUTION, QUASARS, AGN",
author = "Pratika Dayal and Marta Volonteri and Choudhury, {Tirthankar Roy} and Raffaella Schneider and Maxime Trebitsch and Gnedin, {Nickolay Y.} and Hakim Atek and Michaela Hirschmann and Amy Reines",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mnras/staa1138",
language = "English",
volume = "495",
pages = "3065--3078",
journal = "Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "3",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei

AU - Dayal, Pratika

AU - Volonteri, Marta

AU - Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy

AU - Schneider, Raffaella

AU - Trebitsch, Maxime

AU - Gnedin, Nickolay Y.

AU - Atek, Hakim

AU - Hirschmann, Michaela

AU - Reines, Amy

PY - 2020/7/1

Y1 - 2020/7/1

N2 - In this work we investigate the properties of the sources that reionized the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the high-redshift Universe. Using a semi-analytical model aimed at reproducing galaxies and black holes in the first similar to 1.5 Gyr of the Universe, we revisit the relative role of star formation and black hole accretion in producing ionizing photons that can escape into the IGM. Both star formation and black hole accretion are regulated by supernova feedback, resulting in black hole accretion being stunted in low-mass haloes. We explore a wide range of combinations for the escape fraction of ionizing photons (redshift-dependent, constant, and scaling with stellar mass) from both star formation (()) and AGN (f(esc)(bh)) to find: (i) the ionizing budget is dominated by stellar radiation from low stellar mass (M* <10(9) M-circle dot) galaxies at z > 6 with the AGN contribution (driven by M-bh > 10(6) M-circle dot black holes in M* > 10(9) M-circle dot galaxies) dominating at lower redshifts; (ii) AGN only contribute 10 - 25 per cent to the cumulative ionizing emissivity by z = 4 for the models that match the observed reionization constraints; (iii) if the stellar mass dependence of is shallower than f(esc)(bh), at z <7 a transition stellar mass exists above which AGN dominate the escaping ionizing photon production rate; (iv) the transition stellar mass decreases with decreasing redshift. While AGN dominate the escaping emissivity above the knee of the stellar mass function at z similar to 6.8, they take-over at stellar masses that are a tenth of the knee mass by z = 4.

AB - In this work we investigate the properties of the sources that reionized the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the high-redshift Universe. Using a semi-analytical model aimed at reproducing galaxies and black holes in the first similar to 1.5 Gyr of the Universe, we revisit the relative role of star formation and black hole accretion in producing ionizing photons that can escape into the IGM. Both star formation and black hole accretion are regulated by supernova feedback, resulting in black hole accretion being stunted in low-mass haloes. We explore a wide range of combinations for the escape fraction of ionizing photons (redshift-dependent, constant, and scaling with stellar mass) from both star formation (()) and AGN (f(esc)(bh)) to find: (i) the ionizing budget is dominated by stellar radiation from low stellar mass (M* <10(9) M-circle dot) galaxies at z > 6 with the AGN contribution (driven by M-bh > 10(6) M-circle dot black holes in M* > 10(9) M-circle dot galaxies) dominating at lower redshifts; (ii) AGN only contribute 10 - 25 per cent to the cumulative ionizing emissivity by z = 4 for the models that match the observed reionization constraints; (iii) if the stellar mass dependence of is shallower than f(esc)(bh), at z <7 a transition stellar mass exists above which AGN dominate the escaping ionizing photon production rate; (iv) the transition stellar mass decreases with decreasing redshift. While AGN dominate the escaping emissivity above the knee of the stellar mass function at z similar to 6.8, they take-over at stellar masses that are a tenth of the knee mass by z = 4.

KW - galaxies: evolution

KW - galaxies: high-redshift

KW - intergalactic medium

KW - quasars: general

KW - reionization

KW - DARK-AGES REIONIZATION

KW - IONIZING PHOTON BUDGET

KW - LUMINOSITY FUNCTION

KW - BLACK-HOLES

KW - FORMATION SIMULATION

KW - RADIATIVE-TRANSFER

KW - STAR-FORMATION

KW - EVOLUTION

KW - QUASARS

KW - AGN

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/staa1138

DO - 10.1093/mnras/staa1138

M3 - Journal article

VL - 495

SP - 3065

EP - 3078

JO - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices

JF - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 3

ER -

ID: 247027694