TY - JOUR

T1 - A latest Pleistocene and Holocene composite tephrostratigraphic framework for northeastern North America

AU - Jensen, Britta J. L.

AU - Davies, Lauren J.

AU - Nolan, Connor

AU - Pyne-O'Donnell, Sean

AU - Monteath, Alistair J.

AU - Ponomareva, Vera

AU - Portnyagin, Maxim

AU - Booth, Robert

AU - Bursik, Marcus

AU - Cook, Eliza

AU - Plunkett, Gill

AU - Vallance, James W.

AU - Luo, Yan

AU - Cwynar, Les C.

AU - Hughes, Paul

AU - Pearson, D. Graham

PY - 2021/11/15

Y1 - 2021/11/15

N2 - Lakes and bogs in northeastern North America preserve tephra deposits sourced from multiple volcanic systems in the Northern Hemisphere. However, most studies of these deposits focus on specific Holocene intervals and the latest Pleistocene, providing snapshots rather than a full picture. We combine new data with previous work, supplemented by a broad review of the characteristics and ages of potential source regions and volcanoes, to develop the first composite tephrostratigraphic framework covering the last similar to 14,000 years for this region. We report new cryptotephra records from three ombrotrophic peat bogs-Irwin Smith (Michigan), Bloomingdale (New York), and Sidney Bog (Maine)-as well as new analyses and age models from previously reported sites, Nordan's Pond Bog (Newfoundland) and Thin-Ice Pond (Nova Scotia). A new tephra (Iliinsky) from the NGRIP and GRIP ice cores is also presented as it can be correlated to new data from these terrestrial records and helps validate radiocarbon age models. We identify 21 new tephra in addition to the 15 already known, several of which cover the entire region the White River Ash east, Newberry Pumice, Ruppert (NDN-230), and Mazama. For the first time we find Mount St. Helens Yn (ca. 3660 cal yr BP) and a set P tephra (similar to 3000-2550 cal yr BP), and confirm the presence of Jala Pumice from Volcan Ceboruco, Mexico, and KS1 from Ksudach volcano, Kamchatka. We describe new "ultra-distal" tephra, including the early Holocene KS2 eruption, and propose correlations to volcanoes Iliinsky and Shiveluch of Kamchatka, and Ushishir of the Kurile Islands. Not all of these tephra represent large eruptions, with several plausible correlations to sub-Plinian events. Using Bayesian age-modeling, we present new age estimates for the newly described tephra, for tephra with previously poor age control, and for several proximal correlatives. Overall, we demonstrate northeastern North America's importance for providing transcontinental linkages between paleoenvironmental records and providing insights into ash distribution from different styles and sizes of eruptions. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

AB - Lakes and bogs in northeastern North America preserve tephra deposits sourced from multiple volcanic systems in the Northern Hemisphere. However, most studies of these deposits focus on specific Holocene intervals and the latest Pleistocene, providing snapshots rather than a full picture. We combine new data with previous work, supplemented by a broad review of the characteristics and ages of potential source regions and volcanoes, to develop the first composite tephrostratigraphic framework covering the last similar to 14,000 years for this region. We report new cryptotephra records from three ombrotrophic peat bogs-Irwin Smith (Michigan), Bloomingdale (New York), and Sidney Bog (Maine)-as well as new analyses and age models from previously reported sites, Nordan's Pond Bog (Newfoundland) and Thin-Ice Pond (Nova Scotia). A new tephra (Iliinsky) from the NGRIP and GRIP ice cores is also presented as it can be correlated to new data from these terrestrial records and helps validate radiocarbon age models. We identify 21 new tephra in addition to the 15 already known, several of which cover the entire region the White River Ash east, Newberry Pumice, Ruppert (NDN-230), and Mazama. For the first time we find Mount St. Helens Yn (ca. 3660 cal yr BP) and a set P tephra (similar to 3000-2550 cal yr BP), and confirm the presence of Jala Pumice from Volcan Ceboruco, Mexico, and KS1 from Ksudach volcano, Kamchatka. We describe new "ultra-distal" tephra, including the early Holocene KS2 eruption, and propose correlations to volcanoes Iliinsky and Shiveluch of Kamchatka, and Ushishir of the Kurile Islands. Not all of these tephra represent large eruptions, with several plausible correlations to sub-Plinian events. Using Bayesian age-modeling, we present new age estimates for the newly described tephra, for tephra with previously poor age control, and for several proximal correlatives. Overall, we demonstrate northeastern North America's importance for providing transcontinental linkages between paleoenvironmental records and providing insights into ash distribution from different styles and sizes of eruptions. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

KW - Cryptotephra

KW - Tephrochronology

KW - Volcanic ash

KW - North America

KW - Greenland

KW - Kamchatka

KW - Peat

KW - Bayesian

KW - Radiocarbon

KW - Holocene

KW - MOUNT ST-HELENS

KW - CALDERA-FORMING ERUPTION

KW - SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA

KW - CENTRAL KURIL ISLANDS

KW - MARKER TEPHRA LAYERS

KW - GREENLAND ICE-CORES

KW - KAMCHATKA PENINSULA

KW - VOLCANIC ASH

KW - CASCADE RANGE

KW - GLACIER PEAK

U2 - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107242

DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107242

M3 - Journal article

VL - 272

JO - Quaternary Science Reviews

JF - Quaternary Science Reviews

SN - 0277-3791

M1 - 107242

ER -