Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale. / Yao, Jian; Sherman, Jeff A.; Fortier, Tara; Leopardi, Holly; Parker, Thomas E.; McGrew, William; Zhang, Xiaogang; Nicolodi, Daniele; Fasano, Robert; Schäffer, Stefan; Beloy, Kyle; Savory, Joshua; Romisch, Stefania; Oates, Chris; Diddams, Scott; Ludlow, Andrew D.; Levine, Judah.

In: Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, No. 4, 044069, 30.10.2019.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Yao, J, Sherman, JA, Fortier, T, Leopardi, H, Parker, TE, McGrew, W, Zhang, X, Nicolodi, D, Fasano, R, Schäffer, S, Beloy, K, Savory, J, Romisch, S, Oates, C, Diddams, S, Ludlow, AD & Levine, J 2019, 'Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale', Physical Review Applied, vol. 12, no. 4, 044069. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.044069

APA

Yao, J., Sherman, J. A., Fortier, T., Leopardi, H., Parker, T. E., McGrew, W., Zhang, X., Nicolodi, D., Fasano, R., Schäffer, S., Beloy, K., Savory, J., Romisch, S., Oates, C., Diddams, S., Ludlow, A. D., & Levine, J. (2019). Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale. Physical Review Applied, 12(4), [044069]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.044069

Vancouver

Yao J, Sherman JA, Fortier T, Leopardi H, Parker TE, McGrew W et al. Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale. Physical Review Applied. 2019 Oct 30;12(4). 044069. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.044069

Author

Yao, Jian ; Sherman, Jeff A. ; Fortier, Tara ; Leopardi, Holly ; Parker, Thomas E. ; McGrew, William ; Zhang, Xiaogang ; Nicolodi, Daniele ; Fasano, Robert ; Schäffer, Stefan ; Beloy, Kyle ; Savory, Joshua ; Romisch, Stefania ; Oates, Chris ; Diddams, Scott ; Ludlow, Andrew D. ; Levine, Judah. / Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale. In: Physical Review Applied. 2019 ; Vol. 12, No. 4.

Bibtex

@article{da0bf6eaa2914967a0b19d484c1c2048,

title = "Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale",

abstract = "A time scale is a procedure for accurately and continuously marking the passage of time. It is exemplified by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and provides the backbone for critical navigation tools such as the Global Positioning System. Present time scales employ microwave atomic clocks, whose attributes can be combined and averaged in a manner such that the composite is more stable, accurate, and reliable than the output of any individual clock. Over the past decade, clocks operating at optical frequencies have been introduced that are orders of magnitude more stable than any microwave clock. However, in spite of their great potential, these optical clocks cannot be operated continuously, which makes their use in a time scale problematic. We report the development of a hybrid microwave-optical time scale, which only requires the optical clock to run intermittently while relying upon the ensemble of microwave clocks to serve as the flywheel oscillator. The benefit of using a clock ensemble as the flywheel oscillator instead of a single clock can be understood by the Dick-effect limit. This time scale demonstrates for the first time subnanosecond accuracy over a few months, attaining a fractional frequency stability of 1.45 × 10-16 at 30 days and reaching the 10-17 decade at 50 days, with respect to UTC. This time scale significantly improves the accuracy in timekeeping and could change the existing time-scale architectures.",

author = "Jian Yao and Sherman, {Jeff A.} and Tara Fortier and Holly Leopardi and Parker, {Thomas E.} and William McGrew and Xiaogang Zhang and Daniele Nicolodi and Robert Fasano and Stefan Sch{\"a}ffer and Kyle Beloy and Joshua Savory and Stefania Romisch and Chris Oates and Scott Diddams and Ludlow, {Andrew D.} and Judah Levine",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 US. Published by the American Physical Society.",

year = "2019",

month = oct,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.044069",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "Physical Review Applied",

issn = "2331-7019",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "4",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale

AU - Yao, Jian

AU - Sherman, Jeff A.

AU - Fortier, Tara

AU - Leopardi, Holly

AU - Parker, Thomas E.

AU - McGrew, William

AU - Zhang, Xiaogang

AU - Nicolodi, Daniele

AU - Fasano, Robert

AU - Schäffer, Stefan

AU - Beloy, Kyle

AU - Savory, Joshua

AU - Romisch, Stefania

AU - Oates, Chris

AU - Diddams, Scott

AU - Ludlow, Andrew D.

AU - Levine, Judah

PY - 2019/10/30

Y1 - 2019/10/30

N2 - A time scale is a procedure for accurately and continuously marking the passage of time. It is exemplified by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and provides the backbone for critical navigation tools such as the Global Positioning System. Present time scales employ microwave atomic clocks, whose attributes can be combined and averaged in a manner such that the composite is more stable, accurate, and reliable than the output of any individual clock. Over the past decade, clocks operating at optical frequencies have been introduced that are orders of magnitude more stable than any microwave clock. However, in spite of their great potential, these optical clocks cannot be operated continuously, which makes their use in a time scale problematic. We report the development of a hybrid microwave-optical time scale, which only requires the optical clock to run intermittently while relying upon the ensemble of microwave clocks to serve as the flywheel oscillator. The benefit of using a clock ensemble as the flywheel oscillator instead of a single clock can be understood by the Dick-effect limit. This time scale demonstrates for the first time subnanosecond accuracy over a few months, attaining a fractional frequency stability of 1.45 × 10-16 at 30 days and reaching the 10-17 decade at 50 days, with respect to UTC. This time scale significantly improves the accuracy in timekeeping and could change the existing time-scale architectures.

AB - A time scale is a procedure for accurately and continuously marking the passage of time. It is exemplified by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and provides the backbone for critical navigation tools such as the Global Positioning System. Present time scales employ microwave atomic clocks, whose attributes can be combined and averaged in a manner such that the composite is more stable, accurate, and reliable than the output of any individual clock. Over the past decade, clocks operating at optical frequencies have been introduced that are orders of magnitude more stable than any microwave clock. However, in spite of their great potential, these optical clocks cannot be operated continuously, which makes their use in a time scale problematic. We report the development of a hybrid microwave-optical time scale, which only requires the optical clock to run intermittently while relying upon the ensemble of microwave clocks to serve as the flywheel oscillator. The benefit of using a clock ensemble as the flywheel oscillator instead of a single clock can be understood by the Dick-effect limit. This time scale demonstrates for the first time subnanosecond accuracy over a few months, attaining a fractional frequency stability of 1.45 × 10-16 at 30 days and reaching the 10-17 decade at 50 days, with respect to UTC. This time scale significantly improves the accuracy in timekeeping and could change the existing time-scale architectures.

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.044069

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.044069

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85074900580

VL - 12

JO - Physical Review Applied

JF - Physical Review Applied

SN - 2331-7019

IS - 4

M1 - 044069

ER -

ID: 324557659