Models of Rotating Infall for the B335 Protostar

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Documents

  • Neal J. Evans II
  • Yao-Lun Yang
  • Joel D. Green
  • Bo Zhao
  • James Di Francesco
  • Jeong-Eun Lee
  • Jørgensen, Jes Kristian
  • Minho Choi
  • Philip. C. Myers
  • Diego Mardones

Models of the protostellar source, B335, are developed using axisymmetric three-dimensional models to resolve conflicts found in one-dimensional models. The models are constrained by a large number of observations, including ALMA, Herschel, and Spitzer data. Observations of the protostellar source B335 with ALMA show redshifted absorption against a central continuum source indicative of infall in the HCO+ and HCN J = 4 -> 3 transitions. The data are combined with a new estimate of the distance to provide strong constraints to three-dimensional radiative transfer models including a rotating, infalling envelope, outflow cavities, and a very small disk. The models favor ages since the initiation of collapse between 3 x 10(4) and 4 x 10(4) yr for both the continuum and the lines, resolving a conflict found in one-dimensional models. The models underpredict the continuum emission seen by ALMA, suggesting an additional component such as a pseudo-disk. The best-fitting model is used to convert variations in the 4.5 mu m flux in recent years into a model for a variation of a factor of 5-7 in luminosity over the last 8 yr.

Original languageEnglish
Article number90
JournalAstrophysical Journal
Volume943
Issue number2
Number of pages17
ISSN0004-637X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 2023

    Research areas

  • YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS, SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS, MASS STAR-FORMATION, ALMA OBSERVATIONS, EVOLUTIONARY SIGNATURES, RADIO-CONTINUUM, AU SCALE, COLLAPSE, ASTROPY, PROJECT

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