Diverse Lava Flow Morphologies in the Stratigraphy of the Jezero Crater Floor

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  • S. Alwmark
  • B. Horgan
  • A. Udry
  • A. Bechtold
  • S. Fagents
  • E. Ravanis
  • L. Crumpler
  • N. Schmitz
  • E. Cloutis
  • A. Brown
  • D. Flannery
  • O. Gasnault
  • J. Grotzinger
  • S. Gupta
  • L. Kah
  • P. Kelemen
  • Kinch, Kjartan Münster
  • J. Núñez

We present a combined geomorphologic, multispectral, and geochemical analysis of crater floor rocks in Jezero crater based on data obtained by the Mast Camera Zoom and SuperCam instruments onboard the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. The combined data from this analysis together with the results of a comparative study with geologic sites on Earth allows us to interpret the origins of rocks exposed along the Artuby ridge, a ∼900 m long scarp of lower Máaz formation rocks. The ridge exposes rocks belonging to two morphologically distinct members, Artuby and Rochette, both of which have basaltic composition and are spectrally indistinguishable in our analysis. Artuby rocks consist of morphologically distinct units that alternate over the ridge, bulbous, hummocky, layers with varying thicknesses that in places appear to have flowed over underlying strata, and sub-planar thinner laterally continuous layers with variable friability. The Rochette member has a massive appearance with pronounced pitting and sub-horizontal partings. Our findings are most consistent with a primary igneous emplacement as lava flows, through multiple eruptions, and we propose that the thin layers result either from preferential weathering, interbedded ash/tephra layers, ʻaʻā clinker layers, or aeolian deposition. Our analyses provide essential geologic context for the Máaz formation samples that will be returned to Earth and highlight the diversity and complexity of geologic processes on Mars not visible from orbit.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummere2022JE007446
TidsskriftJournal of Geophysical Research - Planets
Vol/bind128
Udgave nummer7
Antal sider24
ISSN0148-0227
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Mars 2020 science and engineering teams for their efforts in running the mission and in collecting data, and for discussion. Special thanks are extended to Mastcam‐Z Payload Downlink Leads for regenerating mosaics for this contribution. Professional editorial handling by L. Montési and thorough reviews by Christopher Hamilton and one anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged. S. Alwmark was supported by an International Postdoc Grant from the Swedish Research Council (Grant 2017‐06388). A. Udry was supported by a NASA Grant (80NSSC21K0330). The participation of O. Gasnault in SuperCam on was supported by CNES. D. Flannery acknowledges funding by the Australian Research Council. K. B. Kinch was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation Grant CF19‐0023. E. Cloutis acknowledges funding from the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. B. Horgan, J. Núñez, E. Ravanis, and S. Fagents were funded by NASA's Mars 2020 Project via a subcontract from the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory to Arizona State University (subcontract 1511125). Perseverance

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Mars 2020 science and engineering teams for their efforts in running the mission and in collecting data, and for discussion. Special thanks are extended to Mastcam-Z Payload Downlink Leads for regenerating mosaics for this contribution. Professional editorial handling by L. Montési and thorough reviews by Christopher Hamilton and one anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged. S. Alwmark was supported by an International Postdoc Grant from the Swedish Research Council (Grant 2017-06388). A. Udry was supported by a NASA Grant (80NSSC21K0330). The participation of O. Gasnault in SuperCam on Perseverance was supported by CNES. D. Flannery acknowledges funding by the Australian Research Council. K. B. Kinch was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation Grant CF19-0023. E. Cloutis acknowledges funding from the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. B. Horgan, J. Núñez, E. Ravanis, and S. Fagents were funded by NASA's Mars 2020 Project via a subcontract from the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory to Arizona State University (subcontract 1511125).

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© 2023. The Authors.

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